En Esmeraldas, Ecuador, está uno de los mayores asentamientos afro, a la Provincia llegaron africanos libertos.
Si de algo puede presumir el afrodescendiente o negro, es de su alegría y su potente resiliencia. La autoidentificación: afro o negro, es algo que todavía está en discusión, incluso, para aquellos de piel negra originarios del continente africano, aunque estudios científicos sugieren que “los humanos migraron de África al mundo”.
La disyuntiva se origina por el tema social y, en ocasiones, por no tener claro su origen, es por eso que colectivos sociales impulsan la importancia de implementar la etnoeducación en todos los niveles educativos del Ecuador, para hablar más del origen de los afrodescendientes en el Ecuador.
Los afroecuatorianos tienen características físicas, culturales e incluso religiosas que los particularizan, entre las que destacan: su música y baile; comida, fiestas y religión.
Le invitamos a mirar la llegada de los libertos a Esmeraldas
Patrimonio inmaterial de humanidad
En lo musical y dancístico están conectados con la marimba, instrumento que suele ser llamado como el piano de la selva. La marimba no es un baile como tal, sino el instrumento de percusión que con su melodía permite el baile de la marimba que baile simula los rituales y celebraciones africanos.
El bombo, cununo, guasá más la potente voz del cantor o cantora forman parte de las agrupaciones folclóricas que tienen a la marimba como el elemento simbólico de resistencia y apropiación cultural.
El 2 de diciembre del 2015 la marimba fue declarada por la Unesco como Patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad. Y, en octubre del 2020, “La bomba”, vinculada por la sierra norte del Ecuador, con énfasis en el Valle de Chota, fue declarada por el Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (INPC) y el Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio (MCyP), como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial del Ecuador.
Identidad y resistencia
En los relatos de escritores esmeraldeños reza que en 1553 llegaron en un barco usado por lo esclavistas de la época a la playa de Portete, cantón Muisne, provincia de Esmeraldas, en Ecuador, los primeros negros libertos, entre ellos Alonso de Illescas, quien en el 2012 fue declarado por el exCongreso del Ecuador, como héroe nacional. Luego de 298 años, es decir en 1851 fue abolida la esclavitud en el Ecuador.
La comida de los afro es un punto a parte. Los años de esclavitud preparándole los alimentos a sus amos, hicieron que esa tradición culinaria se pase de generación en generación. En el caso de la provincia de Esmeraldas, que tiene la mayor población afro del Ecuador, entre sus platos típico está el encocao.
El plus del afroecuatoriano está en su alegría y solidaridad, aunque eso no lo ha librado del racismo, exclusión y segregación social, al punto que sus asentamientos son los más pobres entre las 24 provincias ecuatorianas.
Durante las fiestas su ropa colorida destaca entre otras, además, a sus turbantes no lo ven como un tema de moda, sino de identidad, lo dijo en su momento, Juana Francis, lideresa del Colectivo ‘Mujeres de asfalto’.
Los arrullos, que son cantos de cuna, expresan
la religiosidad más potente del pueblo afro.
A ellos en la época de la esclavitud se les impuso la religión católica, pero dentro de su conservación de identidad siguen cantando sus arrullos como una forma de divinidad para conectarse entre lo humano y lo divino, de esa forma conservan legados espirituales de poblaciones africanas.
Le podría interesar conocer sobre los nombres y apellidos más comunes del pueblo afrodescendiente.
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